Los inhibidores asociados a la mielina desempeñan un papel muy importante a la hora de impedir la regeneración axonal del sistema nervioso central (SNC) en el animal adulto. 

Dentro de estos inhibidores destaca Nogo-A, una proteína recientemente identificada con expresión en oligodendrocitos. 

Sin embargo, tras su descubrimiento como proteína asociada a la mielina, se han empezado a describir nuevas funciones para Nogo-A que distan mucho de su papel en la mielina de los oligodendrocitos. 

Tras una introducción a los cambios moleculares que tienen lugar después de una lesión en el SNC, nos centramos en la figura de Nogo-A y su familia de proteínas. 

Aunque Nogo-A se descubriera en el contexto de la inhibición del crecimiento axonal, y efectivamente desempeñe un papel determinante en esta inhibición, Nogo-A ha resultado ser también una proteína neuronal implicada en diversos procesos durante el desarrollo y en el adulto, que van desde la fasciculación axonal hasta la apoptosis. A

medida que profundizamos en nuestro conocimiento sobre los mecanismos moleculares que organizan el complejo funcionamiento del SNC, resulta más claro que las proteínas que se implican en fasciculación y guía axonal durante el desarrollo llevan a cabo en el SNC adulto funciones igualmente importantes en procesos como la inhibición axonal o la regulación de la plasticidad sináptica (Soriano García y col., 2004).

Las funciones fisiológicas de Nogo-A en el desarrollo neuronal y en la formación de oligodendrocitos sanos son desconocidas.

El receptor de Nogo (NgR) puede tener efectos inhibitorios sobre la actividad tumoral y el Nogo-A puede restringir la migración de las células tumorales a través del NgR (Xiong y col., 2011).

**Bibliografía**

Soriano García, Eduardo, Ana Mingorance Jiménez de la Espada, y J. A. del Río. Funciones de Nogo-A durante el desarrollo del sistema nervioso central y en el animal adulto. Http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text. http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=997226.

Xiong, Nanxiang, Jianying Shen, Shuai Li, Junjun Li, y Hongyang Zhao. 2011. «Expression of Nogo-66 receptor in human astrocytoma is correlated with tumor malignancy». Molecular Biology Reports (Junio 18). doi:10.1007/s11033-011-1015-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21681431.

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174. Oertle T, van der Haar ME, Bandtlow CE, Robeva A, Burfeind P, Buss A, Huber AB,
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175. Oertle T, Klinger M, Stuermer CA, Schwab ME.A reticular rhapsody: phylogenic
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176. Oertle T, Merkler D, Schwab ME.Do cancer cells die because of Nogo-B?Oncogene.
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177. Onoue H, Satoh JI, Ogawa M, Tabunoki H, Yamamura T.Detection of anti-Nogo
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178. Osborne SL, Corcoran SL, Prinjha RK, Moore SE.Nogo A expression in the adult
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179. Papadopoulos CM, Tsai SY, Cheatwood JL, Bollnow MR, Kolb BE, Schwab ME, Kartje
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180. Papadopoulos CM, Tsai SY, Alsbiei T, O'Brien TE, Schwab ME, Kartje GL.Functional 
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181. Peng X, Liu S, Ye J, Yuan R.Downregulation of Nogo-A expression of
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182. Peng X, Zhou Z, Hu J, Fink DJ, Mata M.Soluble Nogo receptor down-regulates
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183. Peng X, Kim J, Zhou Z, Fink DJ, Mata M.Neuronal Nogo-A regulates glutamate
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184. Pernet V, Joly S, Christ F, Dimou L, Schwab ME.Nogo-A and myelin-associated
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185. Petrinovic MM, Duncan CS, Bourikas D, Weinman O, Montani L, Schroeter A, Maerki
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186. Pignot V, Hein AE, Barske C, Wiessner C, Walmsley AR, Kaupmann K, Mayeur H,
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187. Pot C, Simonen M, Weinmann O, Schnell L, Christ F, Stoeckle S, Berger P, Rülicke 
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188. Pradat PF.[New biological and radiological markers in amyotrophic lateral
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189. Pradat PF, Bruneteau G, Gonzalez de Aguilar JL, Dupuis L, Jokic N, Salachas F, Le
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190. Pradhan AD, Case AM, Farrer RG, Tsai SY, Cheatwood JL, Martin JL, Kartje
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191. Qi B, Qi Y, Watari A, Yoshioka N, Inoue H, Minemoto Y, Yamashita K, Sasagawa T,
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192. Qin H, Pu HX, Li M, Ahmed S, Song J.Identification and structural mechanism for a
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193. Raineteau O, Fouad K, Bareyre FM, Schwab ME.Reorganization of descending motor
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194. Raineteau O, Fouad K, Noth P, Thallmair M, Schwab ME.Functional switch between
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196. Reindl M, Khantane S, Ehling R, Schanda K, Lutterotti A, Brinkhoff C, Oertle T,
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197. Richard M, Giannetti N, Saucier D, Sacquet J, Jourdan F, Pellier-Monnin
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198. Richard M, Sacquet J, Jourdan F, Pellier-Monnin V.Spatio-temporal expression
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199. Rossi F, Buffo A, Strata P.Regulation of intrinsic regenerative properties and
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201. Sarkey JP, Chu M, McShane M, Bovo E, Mou YA, Zima AV, de Tombe PP, Kartje GL,
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204. Satoh JI, Kuroda Y.Cytokines and neurotrophic factors fail to affect Nogo-A mRNA 
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205. Schanda K, Hermann M, Stefanova N, Gredler V, Bandtlow C, Reindl M.Nogo-B is
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206. Schimchowitsch S, Cassel JC.Polyamine and aminoguanidine treatments to promote
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207. Schnell L, Hunanyan AS, Bowers WJ, Horner PJ, Federoff HJ, Gullo M, Schwab ME,
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208. Schulz K, Vulpe CD, Harris LZ, David S.Iron efflux from oligodendrocytes is
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209. Schwab ME.Increasing plasticity and functional recovery of the lesioned spinal
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211. Schwab ME.Functions of Nogo proteins and their receptors in the nervous
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212. Schweigreiter R.The natural history of the myelin-derived nerve growth inhibitor 
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213. Schweigreiter R, Stasyk T, Contarini I, Frauscher S, Oertle T, Klimaschewski L,
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214. Schweigreiter R, Bandtlow CE.Nogo in the injured spinal cord.J Neurotrauma. 2006 
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216. Selmaj K, Jurewicz A, Matysiak M, Raine CS.Soluble Nogo-A in CSF is not a useful 
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217. Seymour AB, Andrews EM, Tsai SY, Markus TM, Bollnow MR, Brenneman MM, O'Brien TE,
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218. Shen LH, Li Y, Chen J, Cui Y, Zhang C, Kapke A, Lu M, Savant-Bhonsale S, Chopp
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220. Sherafat MA, Javan M, Mozafari S, Mirnajafi-Zadeh J, Motamedi F.Castration
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221. Shibata T, Shimoyama I, Ito T, Abla D, Iwasa H, Koseki K, Yamanouchi N, Sato T,
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222. Shin JW, Shim ES, Hwang GH, Jung HS, Park JH, Sohn NW.Cell size-dependent Nogo-A 
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223. Shypitsyna A, Málaga-Trillo E, Reuter A, Stuermer CA.Origin of Nogo-A by domain
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224. Sicotte M, Tsatas O, Jeong SY, Cai CQ, He Z, David S.Immunization with myelin or 
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225. Simonen M, Pedersen V, Weinmann O, Schnell L, Buss A, Ledermann B, Christ F,
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226. Sironen RK, Karjalainen HM, Törrönen KJ, Elo MA, Hyttinen MM, Helminen HJ, Lammi 
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227. Starkey ML, Schwab ME.Anti-Nogo-A and training: Can one plus one equal three?Exp 
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228. Steward O, Zheng B, Banos K, Yee KM.Response to: Kim et al., "axon regeneration
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229. Su Y, Wang F, Zhao SG, Liu P, Cui H, Teng Y.[Axonal regeneration of retinal
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230. Su Y, Wang F, Zhao SG, Pan SH, Liu P, Teng Y, Cui H.Axonal regeneration after
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231. Su Y, Wang F, Teng Y, Zhao SG, Cui H, Pan SH.Axonal regeneration of optic nerve
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232. Su Z, Cao L, Zhu Y, Liu X, Huang Z, Huang A, He C.Nogo enhances the adhesion of
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233. Sumiyoshi K, Obayashi S, Tabunoki H, Arima K, Satoh J.Protein microarray analysis
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235. Sutendra G, Dromparis P, Wright P, Bonnet S, Haromy A, Hao Z, McMurtry MS,
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236. Syed YA, Baer AS, Lubec G, Hoeger H, Widhalm G, Kotter MR.Inhibition of
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237. Takeda Y, Kamida T, Fujiki M, Kobayashi H.Hippocampal Nogo-A and neo-Timm's
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238. Takei Y.Phosphorylation of Nogo receptors suppresses Nogo signaling, allowing
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239. Taketomi M, Kinoshita N, Kimura K, Kitada M, Noda T, Asou H, Nakamura T, Ide
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240. Tan CL, Kwok JC, Patani R, Ffrench-Constant C, Chandran S, Fawcett JW.Integrin
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243. Teng FY, Tang BL.Nogo signaling and non-physical injury-induced nervous system
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244. Teng FY, Tang BL.Why do Nogo/Nogo-66 receptor gene knockouts result in inferior
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245. Toda T, Hayakawa I, Matsubayashi Y, Tanaka K, Ikenaka K, Lu QR, Kawasaki
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246. Tsai SY, Markus TM, Andrews EM, Cheatwood JL, Emerick AJ, Mir AK, Schwab ME,
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247. Tsai SY, Papadopoulos CM, Schwab ME, Kartje GL.Delayed anti-nogo-a therapy
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248. Tågerud S, Libelius R, Magnusson C.Muscle Nogo-A: a marker for amyotrophic
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249. VanGuilder HD, Farley JA, Yan H, Van Kirk CA, Mitschelen M, Sonntag WE, Freeman
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251. Vitellaro-Zuccarello L, Mazzetti S, Madaschi L, Bosisio P, Gorio A, De Biasi
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252. Walmsley AR, Mir AK.Targeting the Nogo-A signalling pathway to promote recovery
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253. Walmsley AR, Mir AK, Frentzel S.Ectodomain shedding of human Nogo-66 receptor
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255. Wang F, Liang Z, Hou Q, Xing S, Ling L, He M, Pei Z, Zeng J.Nogo-A is involved in
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256. Wang H, Yao YJ, Chen DP.[Expression of Nogo-A mRNA and Nogo-A protein in brain
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262. Wang M, Han Y, Zhang XP, Lu YP.Nogo, a star protein in reticulon family.Neurosci 
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263. Wang X, Chun SJ, Treloar H, Vartanian T, Greer CA, Strittmatter SM.Localization
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264. Wannier-Morino P, Schmidlin E, Freund P, Belhaj-Saif A, Bloch J, Mir A, Schwab
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